Who are the "Uyghurs"? The roots of a thousand-year history leading to contemporary conflicts

The Uyghurs are an ethnic group with roots in the nomadic Central Asian peoples that have their roots in the ancient Turkic peoples that once inhabited Central Asia. They are related to the Xiongnu and Tujue tribes that once dominated the Mongolian plateau and Taklamakan Desert. In the 8th century, the Uyghurs established their own kingdom, the Uyghur Khaganate, which ruled over a large area and had close ties to China's Tang Dynasty. However, the Uyghur kingdom collapsed in the 9th century after being attacked by Kyrgyz forces, forcing many Uyghurs to migrate south to what is now China's Xinjiang Autonomous Region.

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